Sociology as a Perspective - 1332 Words

Sociologist argue that â€Å"the sociological perspective is a way of thinking; a form of consciousness that challenges familiar understandings of ourselves and of others, so we can critically asses the truth commonly held assumptions† (Micionis and Plummer 2008:10). This essay supports this statement by analysing and discussing the significance of sociological perspective in our everyday lives. According to Peter L. Berger sociological perspective is described as the link between societal events and an individual’s life. Sociological perspective relates to sociological imagination, which was coined by C Wright Mills to illustrate the type of insight brought by the field of sociology (Isaksen undated). These concepts enlighten people’s†¦show more content†¦Suicide is an act that is most controlled by social regulation and degree of integration around individual. According to Emile Duncan they are four types of suicide: egoistic, altruistic, anomic and fa talistic. Egoistic suicide is suicide is performed by individuals who feel alone and they have no one to communicate with, due to poor societal integration. Altruistic suicide is due to individuals sacrificing their own lives for the good of others, this usually occurs during political wars or community strikes. Anomic suicide is due to lack of control in a person’s life. This group of people usually have no elderly person to guide and monitor them. Fatalistic suicide is common in teenagers, this type of suicide results from too much control, teenagers often find their guardians to be too controlling, this becomes stressful to them as they would want to experiment freedom without boundaries. A person’s surroundings can influential towards ending their own life. Politics affects individuals as circumstances such as war can influence people’s career choices and economic status. The government that runs a country influences the laws that govern the citizens and also influences decisions made at a national level, which in turn affects the national economy. Social forces are developments that impact on people’s thoughts and actions. One of the most common social forces that have a great influence on people’s lifestyle is media. TheShow MoreRelatedSociology And The Theoretical Perspectives Of Sociology1710 Words   |  7 PagesSociology is seen every day in our lives as humans, it is the scientific study of human behavior and society. The idea of sociology has not been around forever. The term sociology comes from a man named Auguste Comte who takes credit for this study. Not only did Comte come up with this idea but there were several things that influenced the study of Sociology and how we view it today. These influences are called the origins of sociology and they include; new idea or discipline, Industrial RevolutionRead MoreSociology : A Sociological Perspective1292 Words   |  6 PagesOrigins of Sociology Ashley Drees Ivy Tech Community College Professor Brosmer April 10,2016 What is Sociology Sociology  is the  study of  social behavior or society, including its origins, development, organization, networks, and institutions. Sociology is a social science that uses various methods of empirical investigation and critical analysis to develop a body of knowledge about social order, disorder, and change. Three Main Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology Functional Perspective ConflictRead MoreThe Theoretical Perspectives Of Sociology911 Words   |  4 Pages Symbolic interactionism is the first of the three theoretical perspectives in Sociology. This avenue of examining sociological factors looks at more personal interactions than the other two perspectives. Sociologist observe patterns and behaviors of these smaller interactions to define, or redefine, the use and evolution of symbols in society. Some sociologist see this approach as being too focused on one person’s view and take on society rather than trying to understand society as a functioningRead MoreSociology : A Sociological Perspective896 Words   |  4 PagesCarolina, â€Å"Sociology is the study of human social relationships and institutions† (http://sociology.unc.edu/undergraduate-program/sociology-major/what-is-sociology/). Sociology is science practiced by everyone in the world, whether they realize it or not. It is not only an incredibly important social science but also a beautiful art to study how society works. Now, an educated sociologist will realize that there are different perspective to view the world through from a sociological perspective. ThereRead MoreThe Sociological Perspective Of Sociology874 Words   |  4 PagesThe Sociological Perspective Sociology is the scientific study of society and human behavior. Human behavior and each respective society that is studied can be evaluated and governed by the scientific method to produce reliable results. The inquiries into these subjects are derived by the inspirations of sociological perspectives. Each stratifying field of Sociology finds an anchor in the relationships between these pieces in the human context in which they are found. Navigating the water inRead MoreThe Macro Sociology Perspective1100 Words   |  5 Pageshowever as a female myself I still believe that we have not achieved equality and an example of that would be the education system. I’m going to connect it to two of the macro-sociology perspective. Macro-sociology perspective is a sociology study that focuses on the human society on a wide scale. One of the macro sociology perspective, I’m going to talk about the educational system for the females all around the world., not all countries practice equal education such as Bolivia, Armenia, Pakistan and TanzaniaRead MoreSociology : A Sociological Perspective1053 Words   |  5 PagesSociology is the study of society and social lives and forces that influence people and shape the construction of society their lives. It also gives us an awareness of cultural difference that allows us to see the social world from many perspectives. (Sutton 2013). Sociology perspectives are overview of human behaviour and its connection to society as a whole. A sociological theory is a set of ideas explain how society or aspects of society work and there are many variations of the basic theoriesRead MoreThe Sociological Perspective Of Sociology963 Words   |  4 PagesAfter a careful study and a deeper research on an introduction to sociology, I have come to understand that no problem can be solved well enough if one does not have the sociological perspective which is defined as a way of looking at the world through a sociological lens. In fact, there is the need of the lens that will help one to view situations and have the eye to emerge through different views to solve that problem. This mirror has become a doorway that will help one to have a beginner’s mindRead MoreTheoretical Perspectives On Sociology And Sociological Perspectives1357 Words   |  6 PagesTheoretical Perspectives in Sociology In the world of sociology there are many different ways that humans interact with the world. Although we are all human beings, we do not always see the world the same way that others do. Even though not many are aware of the different ways they can see the world, there are three sociological perspectives. Using structural functionalism, the conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism one will be able to decide which view best represents the way they see thisRead MoreSociology and Perspective Essay2373 Words   |  10 PagesSociology-Family Page 1. Family A family is â€Å"a set of people related by blood, marriage or some other agreed-upon relationship, or adoption, who share the primary responsibility for reproduction and caring for members of society.† (Schaefer, 2009) A family is considered a social institution. This social institution is one that can be applied to all three sociological theories which are functionalism, conflict, and interactionism. The first sociological theory is functionalism. A functionalism

The Potential And Its Effects On Cancer Cells - 1535 Words

Limitless replicative potential is an acquired capability of many cancer cells, and it was listed as one of the original hallmarks of cancer [1]. It is mostly achieved by upregulation of telomerase, a reverse transcriptase DNA synthesis enzyme that maintains the telomeres length. Most tumor cells have a high level of telomerase activity but short telomeres due to prior divisions before achieving telomerase-activating malignancies [2]. In contrast, normal progenitor cells and stem cells have relatively long telomeres and lower mitotic/telomerase activity, and in normal differentiated somatic cells telomerase expression is repressed. Thus, telomerase inhibition provides an attractive therapeutic opportunity because of its universality, criticality and specificity for cancer cells [3]. Numerous strategies have been proposed for silencing this enzyme [reviewed in 2-3], but due to heterogeneity and complexity of cancers, as well as polymorphisms in human genomes, the search for effective and precise treatments for polymerase inhibition is still active. Nanotechnology is the latest evolving field, and its applications in cancer therapeutics have demonstrated great potential. Specifically, nanomedicine utilizes the advantages of nanodelivery systems [4]. The nanocarrier system is a new system for transporting biological molecules that has the advantages of being highly efficient, non-immunogenic, safe, inexpensive, biodegradable, and stable [4]. As a result, some previouslyShow MoreRelatedIs Cancer A Serious Health Condition?869 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to the American Cancer Society (2015a), a total of 589, 430 citizens of the United States are expected to die from cancer this year. In the United States, it is identified as the second most common cause of death next to heart disease. With these facts, there is no doubt that cancer is a serious health condition that many people face today. The term cancer is defined as a â€Å"group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells† (American Cancer Society, 2015a). ARead MoreIs Cancer A Serious Health Condition? Essay856 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction According to the American Cancer Society (2015a), a total of 589, 430 citizens of the United States are expected to die from cancer this year. In the United States, it is identified as the second most common cause of death next to heart disease. The term cancer is defined as a â€Å"group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells† (American Cancer Society, 2015a). A person dies from cancer once the spread of these abnormal cells is not controlled. Aside fromRead MoreCauses Of Cannabidiol ( CBD ) May Inhibit Brain Cancer730 Words   |  3 PagesCannabidiol (CBD) May Inhibit Brain Cancer According to the American Brain Tumor Association (ABTA), roughly 80,000 new cases of primary brain tumors are expected to be diagnosed in 2017, including more than 26,000 primary malignant and 53,000 non-malignant brain tumors. Source http://www.abta.org/about-us/news/brain-tumor-statistics/?referrer=https://www.google.com/ Studies suggest that cannabinoids possess antitumor properties, and particular emphasis placed on cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactiveRead MoreHerbal Based Remedies Against Prostate Cancer875 Words   |  4 Pagesdiseases including cancer. Triterpenoids have promising anticancer activities. Triterpenoids have been reported to display anticancer activities against a myriad type cancer, without any cytotoxic effect in normal cells [17-21]. They also demonstrate antitumor efficacy in animal models of cancer [18, 21] The overall purpose of the study was to determine the therapeutic potential OAME, a tr ¬iterpenoid derivative, against prostate cancer, particularly the hormone-insensitive cell line PC-3Read MoreCancer Therapies And The Lack Of Effectiveness1254 Words   |  6 Pagesreview will provide a brief investigation of current cancer therapies and the lack of effectiveness that these treatments provide while treating the disease. The aim of this review is to discuss the urgent need to develop new and effective cancer therapy options that can bridge the gap between the various types of cancer and effective cancer targeting. Chemotherapy and radiation treatments are commonly used as treatment options against cancer; however, one of the negative consequences is the possibilityRead MoreThe Effects Of Hormone Therapies On Human Body And Will Further Explore Fatigue1420 Words   |  6 Pageshunter- gatherer, but when it comes to prostate cancer men can feel powerless. Hormone therapies are used to chemically castrate men as a means of treating the cancer through more personalised medicine. However, when the cancer becomes refractory, Docetaxel is used as a first line chemotherapy to treat metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer in combination with Prednisolone. Mr. Smith (pseudonym) was diagnosed with Advanced Metastatic Prostate Cancer which was controlled by Abiraterone AcetateRead MoreLab Report1214 Words   |  5 Pagesproliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis of human lung cancer cells In order to investigate the expression of miR-365b-3p in normal cells and lung cancer cells, we used real-time PCR to measure the expression of miR-365b-3p in various cells. Results showed that the expression of miR-365b-3p was significantly lower in lung cancer cells compared with that in normal cells (Figure 1). After transfection, the expression of miR-365b-3p in COLO 668 cell line was successfully upregulated by miR-365b-3p mimicRead More5-Ima Lab994 Words   |  4 Pagesinduced in cancer cells after treatment with PDT. In this work, we evaluated the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects that could be induced by 5-ALA/PDT on two different cancer cell lines; adenocarcinoma breast cancer (MCF-7) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2). When MCF-7 and HepG2 cell lines treated with 5-ALA (0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2mM) alone for 4h then incubated for 24h, 5-ALA did not induce cytotoxic effects on both cell lines. Also, laser irradiation alone did not induce a cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 orRead MoreCance r And Its Effects On Cancer Essay1504 Words   |  7 Pagespeople in the world suffer from cancer. In the year 2017, it is estimated that nearly 2 million new cancer cases will occur in the United States, leading to approximately more than half a million deaths (Cancer Facts Figures, 2016, p.1). However, despite the drastic numbers shown in this data, it is almost a 20% decrease from data collected in previous years (Tao Kiera, 2015, p.1). The increased survival rate of cancer patients is mainly due to advances in cancer research and the incorporationRead MoreHuman Neural Stem Cell Tropism857 Words   |  4 PagesARTICLE TITLE: Human Neural Stem Cell Tropism to Metastatic Breast Cancer ESSAY TITLE: The Investigation of a therapeutic implication on metastatic breast cancer with a specialized human neural stem cell that is programed to secrete carboxylesterase combined with activated form of an ionotecan by targeting a specific tumor site and major cytokine involved in mediating susceptibility of neural stem cells to breast cancer cells. SCIENTIFIC SUMMARY: Metastatic Breast Cancer is characterized as a severe

Materials and Equipment Handling †Free Samples for Students

Question: What Is Materials and Equipment Handling, and Their Effect on Productivity in Construction? Answer: Introduction One of the key aspects of the construction industry is the productivity measure. The different players in the industry aim to generate profit while maintaining the required quality of work. The efficiency of the machines and the materials is able to enhance the productivity in the construction industry. Moreover, materials and equipment are key elements which are able to enhance the workmanship in this industry. In order to ensure productivity, efficient methods of handling the materials on site need to be improvised by the relevant parties. In addition, the equipment also plays a key role in ensuring that the relevant construction duties are carried to the later (Papinchak, 2013). Summary Whether small or bigger, companies must ensure that, they monitor the usage and handling of both the equipment and materials on construction sites. This enhances the attaining of the different goals of the company in terms of their production. In other words, the usage of the materials and equipment on site is able to move the company forward the target goal of production. From the planning stage to the execution of the construction works, materials and equipment are used to enhance the real goal of the industry (Gobetto, 2014). This creates the demand for the equipment and material management to enhance their efficient use. This will help the organizations to be able to achieve their target in production. In general, this paper will look at the different ways which can be in cooperated in the material and equipment handling through efficient ways to enhance the production rate off companies in this sector. Moreover, one of the key factor, which is able to affect the performance of the construction industry, is the material handling and management when they are on site and before they reach the site. For the fast tracking projects, the materials management and handling is a key problem since there is low human resource who are monitoring their handling. In most cases on these projects, the procurement and designs stages are concurrent meaning that the construction activities are able to hinder the monitoring of the handling activities. Most of the construct ion activities are entering in this fast tracking categories. The demands from the clients to have their projects on time are able to offer this greater challenge for the construction companies to enhance the productivity (Papinchak, 2013). The handling problems are key challenge to the companies which they need to handle. Proper material and equipment handling is therefore a key element which the companies need to invest on. This is able to enhance their efficiency and lead to the productivity. Material handling Moreover, in order to enhance the productivity, material management through the proper handling is key in the construction industry. The usage of the materials is able to dictate the material handling which is key to ensure that the companies are able to achieve their productivity ideas. The handling is able to get affected from when the materials are delivered on the site to the end when the project is completed. Proper management of the handling process is key to ensuring that the different project and companies goals are achieved in the construction. The procurement is a key element which can be in cooperated in this stage to ensure that over-ordering of materials (wastage problems), over-payments for materials (inadequate administration procedures), Loss of benefits (lack of skilled negotiating procedures), lack of knowledge (when and where the best service/source might be available at any particular time) are minimized during the construction stage. This will ensure that the com panies are able to achieve their required productivity during the construction. Moreover, although the human resources are important, the equipment and materials are the real factors which are able to affect the production in a construction industry. Over the past 40 years, the productivity in the construction industry has been declining. This has been highly associated with the lack of efficient handling of materials and equipment on site. This has been able to affect the performance of the construction companies and leading to their inability to achieve their targeted goals. For the fast tracking projects, the material handling is a key factor which is present to ensure that the companies attained their targets in terms of production within the stipulated timeline (Gobetto, 2014). Productivity is a key factor in the construction industry. The main aim which is enhanced on the productivity is the reduction of the construction costs and maintaining the required quality. In many cases, material and equipment handling are able to result to an increase on the proje ct execution and therefore lowering the production rate. Proper material and equipment handling may be summed up in the management sector of each sector. Material management will therefore ensure that proper handling is attained and efficiency is key to enhance the productivity (Papinchak, 2013). On the same note, equipment management can therefore be a key factor which has proven that equipment handling is a key factor to enhance efficiency and promotion of production in construction. Effect of improper material handling Moreover, materials are able to account to a high percentage of the construction component. This attributes to the fact that critical analysis for efficient handling is key. According to surveys, proper management of the materials from the initial stages is able to attribute to more that 6 percent on savings. In each occasions materials are used and this helps to create the need to have the material management on site (Stephens Meyers, 2013). From the procurement, the management of the handling of the materials is able to increase the effectiveness and productivity achievement. All the analysis of the management section is to enhance proper and efficient handling to achieve productivity. In addition, more percentage of the costs which are experienced on the construction sites are able to originate from the materials (Gobetto, 2014). This means that there is an increase need to enhance the handling in order to achieve productivity in the construction site. Generally, material handlin g and management is able to start from the time the materials need is raised and procured. The right materials with the eight quality are needed to ensure that they are able to achieve the required purpose. In case of poor material handling and management, high costs which reduce the productivity for the construction site is achieved. Need for early procurement and handling First, materials need to be procured at the right time when the need of the material is there. When materials are procured so much early, construction capital is tied and therefore inhibiting the functioning of other activities. The capital in the construction industry is a key element which is highly controlled when production is needed. The means that right decisions concerning what is needed on site must be considered. Procuring the material at the wrong time therefore is not a wise idea which may be in one way or another be included on material handling and management. In relation to this, the productivity in the site is lowered due o improper timing for the arrival of the materials (Mallick El-Korchi, 2013). Additionally, some of the materials in the construction site may deteriorate with time meaning that at the time of needed their handling will be difficult. Materials need to be fresh and of the right quality when they are being used for the particular reason. Materials qual ity is key when it comes to their handling and therefore keeping them for long will interfere with this factor. Moreover, it will mean that their output at the time will be low and therefore be able to lead to repurchase leading to additional costs. This will reduce the productivity in the site due to the increased costs. In addition, material handling is not only related to the monitoring of materials during construction stages (Gobetto, 2014). The decision about procurement is a key factor which is able to relate to the material handling even before they are able to reach on site. This process ensures that material is able to reach on site when they are needed and at the right quality. This is a key decision which is able to affect the efficient production of any company in the construction industry. Enhancing the efficiency of acquisition of the materials is the initial stages of ensuring proper handling (International Asia Conference On Industrial Engineering And Management, Qi, Shen, Dou, 2013). When decisions on when and what to procure is made, proper quality is key to ensure that, they will reach their destination at the right state. In addition, this stage is able to enhance the packaging and handling conditions of the different materials. Handling at delivery stage The material delivery is a key stage which must ensure that materials are delivered in the correct state. This ensures that the materials are as they were ordered and that they can be used for their intended purpose. The delivery is connected with the procurement to ensure that the handling od the materials is done well (Stephens Meyers, 2013). This ensures that the materials are able to obtain the required quality and ensure that they will be able to carry their construction activity as needed. Moreover, it is estimated that wrong handling of the materials is able to happen at this stage (Papinchak, 2013). The material delivery handling is able to contribute to high waste in the construction site. Since the delivery companies are able to deliver in the right state, they are able to absorb themselves out is any blame and costs of the wrong handled materials at the site. This means that the construction companies are able to bear this cost. As noted earlier, any increase in the costs is able to lead to a reduction on the productivity in a company. This is able to lead to the further procurement of the same materials leading to an increase in the costs which are spend on the same items. Categories of material and handling Moreover, the material delivery is divided into different categories. These include, the bulk materials, standard off the shelf materials and the fabricated members. All these different materials are able to be affected by their handling which is able to contribute the efficiency of the construction through the handling (Mallick El-Korchi, 2013). The process of delivery is therefore key to offer the specification to ensure that the materials are able to achieve their required utilization. Their transportation, field storage and installation are key process which must be monitored to ensure that the companies are able to enhance and achieve their productivity targets. Some of the materials require proper handling and transportation which is key to reaching their state at the right state and time. The handling method is key and ensures that the right procedure of handling materials is achieved. The time, place, sequence, position, conditions and costs of the materials are some of the key elements which need to be looked at during the handling process. All these factors need to be considered to enhance proper management of the materials and achieve the required quality of work executed. The major elements, which are composed on the material handling, revolve around three major villas which include the physical handling, storing and controlling the usage of the materials. According to Chan (2002), the construction materials are able to take large portion of the construction industry and they are key in ensuring the project productivity. Proper handling of the materials ensures that the projects do have the materials which are needed in the construction to enhance the production. The material handling is able to ensure that the proper movement of the materials is enhanced and thi s ensures that efficiency is achieved in the project execution. In addition, the major advantage, which is achieved through the proper handling of the materials, is found in the fact that the critical decisions of further construction is achieved. When the materials are available and in their right order, construction decisions will be made at each stage and this will be able to promote the construction activities. This ensures that the production process continues in the site and enhances the productivity. Efficient handling and production Moreover, the construction materials are able to experience frequent handling which is key to enhance the production. The handling process is key to ensure that their quality is kept and that their state is not interfered with. Some of the key construction materials are affected by some of the site conditions and this means that their state need to be maintained (Gobetto, 2014). In this view, their condition and storage must be maintained even with the increased handling and movements. This will ensure that the construction proves is maintained and the production is able to continues. The proper handling of these critical materials is able to enhance the increase in the production rate for the companies (Stephens Meyers, 2013). Moreover, the wrong handling will mean that the materials are able to lose their quality and therefore will not be used for any construction site (International Asia Conference On Industrial Engineering And Management, Qi, Shen, Dou, 2013). This means that a new order must be placed in order to ensure that the construction activities will meet their required standards. In addition, the materials are able to enhance the construction activities within the construction site only when they are able to meet their different standards and specification. Therefore, material handling equipment selection is an important function as it can enhance the production process, provide effective utilization of work force, increase production and improve system flexibility (Chan 2002). Material storage and handling Material storage is another key factor which is involved in the material handling. The storage is able to be considered from the initial stages when the offloading of the materials is able to happening during the delivery. The proper handling during the offloading is required to ensure that the state of the materials is maintained. The attention during this stage must be maintained to ensure that the materials arte delivered at their right state and the supplier did not interfere with them and place the blame on the companies (Gobetto, 2014). The handling during the offloading and storage has to be maintained to avoid any further wastages if it has to happen. The loss and damage are other key factors which must be prevented during the off loading and storage stages of the construction materials. The operation of the construction industry is able to depend on the state at which the construct ion materials are able to be stored after the delivery on site. When they are affected, it mea ns that the materials cannot be used and this will be able to affect the construction productivity of the companies involved. Moreover, many problems are able to arise during the materials supply and the improper storage which is able to affect the construction stage of the companies. Many of the studies have identified that large spaces are required for the construction materials to ensure that they are able to maintained the construction quality (Mallick El-Korchi, 2013). After the offloading, these materials must be kept on proper storage space which is able to ensure that the construction activities are maintained in the proper state. The storage is able to enhance the materials are kept and attained at the same state which they were order on. This will ensure that the construction activities can continues and the production is achieved (Snow, 2001). When the materials expire, will under storage, the construction activities are able to be stalled and this affect the production activity of the companies. Therefore, the handling during storage is a key element which will be able to ensure that the produc tion on the site is maintained and able to attain the different goals which the management has during the construction. Effects of improper material handling In addition, wrong material handling on site is able to lead to damage and wastage. The wrong material handling on site is able to lead to their breakage and damage. This is able to mean that the materials cannot be used for their intended purpose (Stephens Meyers, 2013). When the procuring of the material happen, the construction industry has the main purpose of any material is ordered. This means that any change, which is able to happen on the state of the material, either their size, quality or quantity, is able to affect the construction phase. This means that the construction activities will not be able to continue and therefore interfering with the construction production (King, Phillips Ramming, 2012). The damages which are able to happen will lead to wastage and therefore lead to the additional costs during the further ordering for the same materials. Efficient handling is the materials are able to ensure that the materials damage and wastage is cut. The construction indust ry and especially at the fast tracking projects, the projects are meant to meet different targets at a shorter time. This means that the materials are moved at a high speed, which is able to lead to the damages, and key wastages which contribute to high costs. The construction industry therefore need efficient handling of the construction materials. The materials when damages happen with need to decisions to be made. Some of the materials can need repair for them to be used in the industry. This means that an additional cost will be expected to cover the repairs of these materials for them to be used. This is able to affect the production since the time will be allocated on the repair. This time was meant for further construction and this will be able to affect the level of productivity for the company. In addition, when the damages do happen, some of the materials will need new ones since the repairs cannot be done on them. This means an additional cost will be required to cover the new materials which will be needed. In addition, in the construction industry, the purchases do not happen as easily as it is thought (Huth, 2012). The procurement rules must be maintained and this means getting the new materials will take time. This time is k ey to ensure that the materials are able to get as quick as possible which is not easy in most cases. This time is meant for the construction of other activities and this means that the stages, which need these materials, will be stalled until the new orders are able to arrive (Snow, 2001). Moreover, the efficiency of the handling of the onsite construction materials is able to ensure that the damages and wastages are limited. This ensures that the construction activities, which depend on these materials, are not altered and the construction activities are maintained. This will be able to ensure that the companies are able to attain their productivity through the construction phases of the firms. Material handling and quality In addition, proper handling is able to enhance the right quality for the construction materials. The materials storage and handling onsite is affected when they are wrongly handled. The use of the wrong quality of the construction sites is a crime since the construction structures are meant to meet key specific quality measures. The monitoring of the quality of the materials is key to ensure that they are able to attain the final product which is specified. The construction industry is able to contain many parties who are able to ensure that the right thing is done on sites. The improper handling is at many times able to interfere with the quality and therefore hinder the continued construction phase (Huth, 2012). The quality control must be maintained to ensure that the key elements and quality of the construction industry is attained. The key element, which is in this stage, is to ensure that the conditions at the storage and handling are maintained to ensure the quality. Quality assurance is a key factor, which is able to affect the productivity of the companies and the construction industry. Moreover, the wrong handling of the materials is able to lead to defective materials being used when they are exposed on wrong conditions and states. Therefore proper handling is key to ensure that the materials states is maintained and that they can be used on site at their required states (Stephens Meyers, 2013). This is a key point which must be maintained by different parties to ensure that the construction industry meets the required quality. Moreover, when the structures are finished and unable to meet the required quality, demolitions do happen. This can be as a result of poor handling of materials which could have led to their defective nature. The demolition will be able to increase the costs to the construction companies and therefore lower their level of production. The company will be required to redo the same activity at its own cost and therefore affecti ng the construction productivity. Equipment handling The construction industry is one of the ancient industries which was able to improvise the use of equipment on site. With the developments on the industry, equipment keeps on flowing with technological advancement. Some of the key equipment, which is used on this industry, includes dumpers, excavators, cranes, Ready-Mix-Concrete (RMC) trucks, tippers, among others (Huth, 2012). It is estimated that the value of the construction equipment on site will be able to hit $166 billion by the year 2020. Moreover, it is estimated that the equipment do affect the profit generation and the efficiency of the companies in this industry. With the increased rate of working, the equipment are key elements which enhance the completion of works on the stipulated timeline. Equipment usages are key elements which are able to define the rate of the construction activities when used on site. Equipment is key element which is able to contribute to the efficiency in the construction activities on the indust ry. Equipment and productivity From the initial stages, the construction industry is able to depend on the equipment in order to enhance the achievement of the productivity. In addition, the equipment are able to enhance the carrying out of the different activities which are directly tied with the production rate (Snow, 2001). Moreover, the state of the equipment on site is able to dictate that their delivery state to the required states. The wrong handling of the different equipment is therefore able to interfere with the schedules and the tasks which need to be carried out (Stephens Meyers, 2013). Due to the fact that material are required, their handling is therefore a key element which should be enhanced to ensure that they are able to perform their individual tasks (Huth, 2012). Moreover, analysis show that in every 10 equipment onsite, three of them are able to have problems which are able to result from improper handling. In many cases, the functions in the construction sites are able to stalled when the m achines are able to break down. Equipment is able to operate at certain capacity and their production is key in ensuring that the companies are able to attain their production. Handling by personnel Unauthorized parties who are able to lead to their breakdown handle most of the equipment on the construction sites (Bower, 2000). In many cases, the construction employees are able to try many things and many of them include trying to operate the equipment which need skilled labor to be operated. In many cases, these employees end up operating the equipment wrongly and leading to their breakdown. This can be included in the wrong handling of the equipment since the operations of the equipment is interfered with (Stephens Meyers, 2013). Each equipment has an estimated capacity of output which it must be able to deliver on each day. This means after the breakdown, the output from the equipment will not be attained until repair is carried out. Moreover, the construction industry is abler to identify the cost and output which these equipment has to deliver. In this case, the companies will be able to minimize the output of the equipment when it is not operating. Equipment abuse in handling Another key element, which is connected with the handling of equipment, is the equipment abuse. The abuse of the equipment is likely to lead to their damages and breakdown. Some of the key reasons, which are able to lead to the equipment abuse, include the operators inefficiency. This is where the operator is not well qualified to operate the equipment (Bower, 2000). In this case, the operator will be unable to understand the elements of working of the equipment and therefore leading to the breakdown. This is a key element which will be able to breakdown of the equipment and therefore lead to the reduction on the production which the equipment was delivering. Therefore, the operator will be a key reason for the improper handling and therefore affecting the productivity (King, Phillips Ramming, 2012). In addition, the abuse of the equipment may be because of the lack of training for the operator of the equipment. The training of the operators can be another key way to enhance the ope ration of the machine through the operator, this will ensure that the operator is able to understand the elements of the equipment and be able to deliver to their requirement (Grondzik Kwok, 2015). In addition with the increase in the training, the operator will be able to take shorter time when working with the equipment and therefore able to enhance the productivity. Time factor when working with equipment is key to ensure that the production for ach equipment is achieved. In each day, the equipment has a certain capacity which they have to attain at their maximum point. The training will be able to enhance the handling of the equipment by the operator and therefore increase the production. The equipment must be able to meet the operational hours which are key on the production (Bower, 2000). The equipment operation depend on the qualification of the operators and this is the element which must be controlled to ensure that the equipment are at their best state. Training the operators will be able to ensure that the operator understanding the working with the machines and prevent any breakdown which is likely to interfere with the production (Grondzik Kwok, 2015). Therefore, the training will ensure that the operators are able to understand the machines when operating and handle them in the perfect way. This will prevent the breakdowns and increa se the operational hours for the machines and therefore attaining high production. Moreover, employing the qualified operators will ensure that the equipment have the best operators and their handling is safe. This is a key element which many of the firms must be able to ensure so that they are able to attain the required output. The equipment has the designed output which they have to deliver when they are operating (King, Phillips Ramming, 2012). The qualification of the operator is a key element which is able to define the output and the way the equipment is prone to breaking done. The operators are able to ensure that the equipment and ensure that the daily output is achieved. This means that the key element is the construction site is to ensure that the operators are qualified and therefore the safety machine handling is achieved (Grondzik Kwok, 2015). In each aspect, the operators are the key individuals who are able to ensure that the equipment are able to deliver their output. The right handling of the equipment is key to ensure that the daily output is a chieved and therefore the companies are able to achieve their productivity. Moreover, the operators experience with certain machines is able to ensure that the equipment is able to achieve their best output. This will ensure that the machines are able to attain their target and the companies are able to attain the required output (Usg Corporation, 2014). In each case, the handling by the operator will help to achieve what is required in the days output and ensure that the machine is efficient in operating the equipment. Servicing as handling measure Keeping the equipment in their original state after using them is another key element which is likely to ensure that the productivity of the companies in maintained. Many of the machines are able to gain defects which they are able to lead to their breakdown because they are not taken are of after completion of specific duties (American Society Of Civil Engineers, 2015). For instance, if the equipment is not wiped, this can be able to lead to their rusting when it combined with moisture. This is a key element which is located on wrong handling of the machine and therefore leading to their failure. This means that the care on the equipment is needed to ensure that the machines are able to deliver their daily output. The initial proper conditions are key for the operators to understand so that they will be able to maintain the equipment at them. This will ensure that the output of the machine is ma maintained and the breakdown of the equipment is not achieved easily. The equipment is u sually having a key state which it must be maintained and this will usually depend on the handling state which the operators are able to maintain them. The maintaining of the state of the equipment is therefore able to increase the efficiency of operation and therefore increasing the output. Moreover, in each case, the status of the care of the machine will be able to breakdown and therefore enhancing their state of productivity (Usg Corporation, 2014). The equipment production is able to translate to the level of productivity for the construction industry. Key handling is therefore able to contribute to an increase of the production rate since the equipment is able to increase their operations. Effect of ignorance handling Moreover, in the handling of equipment, ignorance to failure to follow the instruction is key element, which is found on the wrong handling of the machines. The operators and other people on site are found to be less in following the instruction on the machines. These are able to lead to their wrong use and therefore leading to their inability to deliver their output at the right time. The ignorance is able to lead to the high risk in the output delivery of the machines when the operators are able to ignore instructions (Usg Corporation, 2014). The failure to follow the instruction is key elements, which are considered in the wrong handling, and is likely to affect the service delivery of the equipment. Moreover, the design of the equipment is meant to follow certain rules, which can be able to enhance the correct service delivery. It is clear that the instruction need to be followed to attain the proper output of every equipment. This will be able to enhance the machine output and t herefore enhancing the service delivery (American Society Of Civil Engineers, 2015). The construction productivity can therefore be enhanced through following of the proper instruction which will ensure that the equipment deliver their required output. The ignorance is therefore able to affect the equipment handling, which will affect the service delivery for the equipment, and therefore reducing the construction productivity. Each equipment has the rate at which they can deliver in each single hour when working on its normal rate. In fast tracking projects, the overworking of the machines are highly seen in the aim to finish the tasks at the shortest time possible. Overworking of equipment The operation rate above the status, which the single equipment is designed to operate, is considered to be wrong handling. The overworking of the equipment has its own replications, which may lead to future slow operation or even breakdown (Huth, 2012). In addition, wear and tear is able to increase when the machines are overworked and lead to easy breakdown. For the short time, the equipment will be able to deliver some key output but on long-run, it will be unable to sustain the output (Ieee International Conference On Industrial Engineering And Engineering Management, Qi, Shen Dou, 2013). Moreover, the working of the machines is therefore designed at specific rate which the operators has to maintain to ensure that they keep the output and works on the construction site going on as scheduled. The proper understanding on the working rate will be able to enhance the reduced wear and tear of the machines and therefore enhancing continuous flow of work output (Usg Corporation, 2014). The understanding of the delivery rate is therefore key to ensure that the equipment is able to operate for the long and able to execute the full projects up to the end. The construction productivity will be highly depend on the level at which specific equipment are able to deliver their services for long. Moreover, it is key to ensure that the overworking is not done which may lead to quick failure of the equipment and therefore able to deliver the work output for the specified timeline. Moreover, failure of the organization to service their equipment is considered to be part of wrong handling of the machines and equipment. After working for a specified timeline, the equipment is allowed to be serviced in order to keep it at the correct state which will ensure that it can be able to deliver the required output (Grondzik Kwok, 2015). Moreover, failure to service the equipment is able to slow the output of the machine and therefore affecting the construction productivity. In addition, in each case, the production is able to depend on the state of the machines. The key components need to be checked at each stage and therefore able to enhance their correct status when working. The wear and tear need to be checked and the worn out parts to be replaced during the servicing. The servicing of the equipment is able to enhance the state of the equipment and ensuring that they can be able to deliver their daily output without any hitch. Moreover, the construction industry is a ble to rely on the construction machines and their state is key to ensure that they deliver their require piece work on each occasion (Ieee International Conference On Industrial Engineering And Engineering Management, Qi, Shen Dou, 2013). In addition, the servicing of the equipment is able to enhance the correct measures of operations. Moreover, the servicing of the machines is a key handling measure which will be able to ensure that the efficient handling is achieved. This helps to create the best working conditions for the machines and enhance the operations and delivery. During the purchase, the equipment has a specific duration on which specific parts must be able to run before they are able to be checked for their repair and servicing. This helps to create the conditions where the machines will be able to operate efficiently and enhancing the production. The construction productivity is a key element which is able to depend on the quality of the equipment and their working co nditions. The servicing is therefore able to create the quality of the material which is needed to enhance the productivity in this industry. The organizations must be able to understand the working of these machines and when they are scheduled for servicing which is part of their proper handling systems. In conclusion, the servicing measure will ensure that the equipment is able to maintain its initial working rate and ensure proper delivery for the services to the company and therefore enhancing the output. Conclusion In conclusion, the material and equipment handling are able to consist of a large part of the construction industry. Due to this fact, these elements are able to contribute to high level of the production in this industry. The materials procurement and delivery on the site is the key elements which are able to start the definition of the material handling. Moreover, there are different effects which are able to affect the construction productivity when the materials are not well handled. The time of the construction will be affected especially when the site has to wait for the materials which had been able to break due to the wrong handling for them to be procured again. In addition, wrong handling of the materials is able to lead to an increase in the cost which is experienced when the repair of the materials is required. This helps to reduce the construction profitability and the productivity since much time is dedicated on the repair than the scheduled activities. The material han dling is therefore a key factor which must be considered and enhanced in construction sites in order to achieve the productivity on the sites. Since the materials are key for any activity execution, their handling is therefore able to affect the productivity of the whole industry. Proper handling is therefore enhanced each time to ensure that they deliver on quality construction structures. Additionally, the equipment is other key elements which are able to define different aspects of construction such as the implementation time. Different aspects such as the operators training, following of instruction and servicing among others are composed on part of proper handling of the equipment. These elements are able to define the machine work rate delivery, which is key on enhancing the work productivity in the construction. References AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CIVIL ENGINEERS. (2015). Standard design and construction guidelines for microtunneling. https://ascelibrary.org/doi/book/10.1061/9780784413630. BOWER, J. (2000). Healthy house building for the new millennium: a design construction guide. Bloomington, IN, Healthy House Institute. GOBETTO, M. (2014). Operations Management in Automotive Industries From Industrial Strategies to Production Resources Management, Through the Industrialization Process and Supply Chain to Pursue Value Creation. Dordrecht, Springer Netherlands. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7593-0. GRONDZIK, W. T., KWOK, A. G. (2015). Mechanical and electrical equipment for buildings. https://site.ebrary.com/id/10935017. HUTH, M. W. (2012). Residential construction academy: basic principles for construction. Clifton Park, New York, Delmar, Cengage Learning. IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT, QI, E., SHEN, J., DOU, R. (2013). Proceedings of 20th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management: theory and apply of industrial engineering. Heidelberg, Springer. https://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=1636605. INTERNATIONAL ASIA CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT, QI, E., SHEN, J., DOU, R. (2013). International Asia Conference on Industrial Engineering and Management (IEMI2012) proceedings: core areas of industrial engineering. Berlin, Springer. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truescope=sitedb=nlebkdb=nlabkAN=587198. KING, A. S., PHILLIPS, J., RAMMING, C. (2012). Project lead the way: Civil engineering and architecture. [Place of publication not identified], Delmar. MALLICK, R. B., EL-KORCHI, T. (2013). Pavement engineering: principles and practice. Boca Raton, Fla, CRC Press. PAPINCHAK, H. L. (2013). Improving Sensitivity and Specificity when Measuring Environmental Exposure to Engineered Nanoparticle Releases with the use of Low-Background Techniques. Thesis (Ph.D. in Public Health)--University of California, Berkeley, 2013. https://digitalassets.lib.berkeley.edu/etd/ucb/text/Papinchak_berkeley_0028E_13242.pdf. SNOW, D. A. (2001). Plant Engineer's Reference Book. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/soas-ebooks/detail.action?docID=297095. STEPHENS, M. P., MEYERS, F. E. (2013). Manufacturing facilities design and material handling. https://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=3119822. USG CORPORATION. (2014). The gypsum construction handbook. Hoboken, Wiley. https://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=1605590

Ethics - Innovation and Motivation for Human Conduct- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theEthics, Innovation and Motivation for Human Conduct. Answer: Ethics Ethics are a system of moral principles of dealing with the right or wrong. This is thus a moral judgment about voluntary human conduct. Kandula (2008)[1] argues that moral judgement allows people to define the highest good of man and set standards that need to be considered every time during decision making. In the modern world, ethical behaviour is a key business ideal in achieving both organizational success and managing employees. The expectations of the society have changed greatly to involve social action in business activities. Most organizations and businesses operate on an ethical code of business through establishing certain norms and standards that need to be observed. This ethical code makes employees aware of their obligations within a business environment and guides them in making decisions that affect the business. Since every business seeks to please its customers, then there must be a way in which employees need to conduct themselves when at work. A study conducted by KPMG revealed that most businesses have taken the smart approach by developing ways on how they do their business(Mofid 2003).[2] Since personal life cannot be separated from business life and at the same time the business operates in society, then there is need for observing ethical behaviour within the business environment. Innovation Innovation entails application of ideas within the business environment to easily manage business processes. These technological changes include development of new methods for producing product and utilizing input methods within the firm. This creates business advantage and ensures that businesses can compete and maintain their existence. The business environment is competitive with customers going for products and services that meet their needs (Obradovic Obradovic 2016)[3]. The focus of many business is thus to innovate new products that make the business better than its competitors. Innovation has been attributed to playing a fundamental role for survival and growth of any business. Since businesses operate under a capitalistic market structure. In the industrial model of competition, is expressed through the Jovanovic model of passive learning that allows firms to invest in development research to create asymmetric differences that lead to survival of the business(Tohidi and Jabbari 2012).[4] Therefore, businesses use innovation to improve their practices and relative position within the market. Technology has led to different opportunities that allow easy innovation of platforms for running the business. For example the hotel business can innovate an application that can be used to improve customer service through ordering and paying for services without necessarily having to be on the queue. Motivation Behavioral scientists have argued that increases in business output are based on functional human welfare initiatives. It is argued that business will seek to achieve their goals of maximizing profits without understanding the role that employees play in profit maximization(Dobre 2013).[5] Motivation is an internal drive that satisfies the needs of people and thus pushing them to behave in a purposive manner that is beneficial to the organization. Managers get their work done through others by ensuring that they set goals for such employees and ensure that they achieve them. The focus of business has changed from classical approaches of system efficiency to employee satisfaction by ensuring that employees are motivated to perform their roles within the business environment. Srivastava Kailash (2011)[6] suggest that tthrough meeting the needs of employees, system efficiencies are improved through better employee performance. Maslows hierarchy of needs revealed a set of needs that need to be met by every individual. Employees will need to meet these needs at every stage of their life within the business. By meeting their needs, employees become motivated to perform their roles thus increasing system output. Motivated employees also have higher moral ethical standards and motivation abilities that make the business more competitive. References Dobre, Ovidiu-Iliuta. 2013. "Employee motivation and or." Review of Applied Socio- Economic Research 5 (1). Kandula, S., R. 2008. Strategic Human Resource Development. India: Prentice-Hall. Mofid, K. 2003. Business Ethics, Corporate Social Responsibility and Globalization for the Common Good. London: Shepheard-Walwyn. Obradovic, Dragisa, and Dragan Obradovic. 2016. "The Role Innovation on Strategic Orientations and Competitiveness of Enterprises." ECOFORUM 5 (1): 90-95. Srivastava, S. K., and B. Kailash C. 2011. "Role oF Motivation in Higher Productivity." Management Insights 5 (1): 88-99. Tohidi, Hamid, and Mohammad Mehdi Jabbari. 2012. "The important of Innovation and its Crucial Role in Growth, Survival and Success of Organizations." Procedia Technology 1 1: 535 538.

Manchester United FC Continuing Success but at What Cost

Introduction Based in old Trafford, Manchester United is one of the leading and well renowned football clubs not only in the UK but also in the world. The club was initiated in 1878. It then had the name Newton Health before changing to its current brand name – Manchester United in 1902.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Manchester United FC: Continuing Success but at What Cost? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It was one of the founding members of the premier league back in 1992. Since 1938, Manchester United has always played the top division in English soccer apart from seasons of 1974 and 1975. The club has also recorded outstanding average attendance compared to all other English football clubs. Compared to any other organisation, soccer clubs are unique since they are subjected to various market forces and dynamics that act as threats to their performance and hence success. Success may be measured from different paradigms depending on the industry in which an organisation is established. For football clubs, success may be measured from the number of wins of the club in the tournaments. Apparently, such success is also correlated to financial success. The success of Manchester United is owed to the exemplary management of Alex Ferguson. Given the competitive nature of the football club business, Manchester United stands out as an ample example of analysing the success of organisations. Manchester United has successfully managed to place its brand. The club is the reining champion in the European and English champions. It won 2007-2008 UEFA champions league and 2007 -2008 premier league coupled with 2008 FIFA world cup. Indeed, Manchester has won enormous numbers of world football honours since when Alex Ferguson was appointed the manager in 1986. For instance, the club won the European cup making it the first football club to take home the cup when it beat Benfica 4-1 in 1968 .Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It later won the same cup in 1999 for the second time and in 2008 for the third time. Furthermore, the club has also kept the world record having won the most FA cup titles. From financial contexts, the club is also immensely successful. As from 1990s, Manchester United has gone down the history as the richest club of the English premier league. However, Liverpool may dispute this argument. The club also generates the largest amount of the revenues among all the clubs taking part in the European cup and English premier leagues. Such an enormous success of an organisation does not come easily: there is always an accompanying cost. Considering Manchester United as the case study, the paper analyses the roles of CSR in the success of an organisation. However, before this is done background information is provided by discussing the success of Manchester United from both the contexts of tournament wins and financial performance. The Case Study Description Within the whole of Europe, Manchester United stands the third club just behind Barcelona and Real Madrid from the contexts of turnover. Apart from the recent past (2008) wining in the European champions’ league, Manchester United has also managed to get to European champions final in 2008. On the other hand, with regard to Pyle (2010), â€Å"†¦the financial position of the club remains precarious despite its success on the football field† (p.601). This argument is significant by appreciating the fact that, in 2009, Manchester United football club made revenues amounting to 278.5 million pounds. The club also reported, â€Å"Increased profits (before interests and taxation) to the tune of 90.3 m million pounds (up 13.6 percent)† (Pyle 2010, p.601).Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Manchester United FC: Continuing Su ccess but at What Cost? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Much of this profit was acquired through the sale of players (80.7 million pounds). The financial success of the Manchester United is outstanding upon comparing this profit to that of the red football limited. In this end, Pyle (2010) argues, â€Å"red football limited (the parent company of MUFC owned by the Glazer family) reported a profit of by 6.4 million pounds due to interest payments of 68.5 million pounds paid on the erroneous debt incurred to purchase the club† (p.601). The support of Manchester United across the globe is also incredible and a contributing factor to the success of the club. However, this does not imply that the English premier league clubs are not open to criticism over how they handle their financial matters. For instance, Pyle (2010) reckons, â€Å"many fans are unhappy about the way English premier league football clubs are developing into mu ltinational businesses with global brands, aggressive marketing, and foreign owners (some of dubious reputations)† (p.601). Indeed, some clubs have gone on record to have spent a lot of money often leading the clubs to experience large debts often exceeding levels that are justifiable by the turnovers that are made by the clubs. The hefty spending is normally justified by the people who fund the clubs. This case makes commentators on the future performance of the football clubs worried that some of the billionaires who fund the clubs may get bored at some point to the extent of considering withdrawing their support. The repercussion for this attempt would plunge the clubs to large financial debts that would often make business impossible. The main question that remains is whether Manchester United would be able to ensure that its entire stakeholders would be satisfied should such a situation occur.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Amid being faced by the above interrogative, the brand of the Manchester United remains one of the most well built among the football clubs playing the English premier league. In fact, â€Å"the basis of Manchester United’s business success and global brand is rooted in the club’s history and traditions† (Pyle 2010, p.601). Since the first win of the European cup, in the time of Sir Matt, the company grew from small to a public limited company. At this time the chairman of the company, Martin Edwards, principally focused on handling the challenge of hiking funds for helping the company to improve and maintain its success in the pitch. An effort was made to raise funds for attracting new top players. In 1991, â€Å"the club was floated on the London Stock Exchange with a valuation of 40 million pounds† (Pyle 2010, p.602). This move was strategic for the success of Manchester United since, in 1994 through 1997, the company was able to have an accumulate sha re sales amounting to 71 million pounds. In the effort to ensure that Manchester United remained a respected club, in 2002, Martin Edwards stepped down to pave way for Sir Roy to take over the leadership of the plc. In 1991, when Manchester United was placed on flotation, there was minimal number of companies that had acquired a structure similar to that of plc. Therefore, the move was incredibly disputable though it attracted enormous controversies. For instance, Pyle (2010) quote sir Ferguson reckoning, â€Å"when the plc started, there were grave doubts about it – I had them myself – but I think the supporters came round† (p.601). Indeed, the success of the club was looming. Manchester United had even overtaken Liverpool. Therefore, this move had little impacts on the growth and success of the company. Hence, worries accompanied by controversies were well resolved. Operating as a plc, an organisation seeks to expand its clientele. Manchester United embarked o n a mission to seek out for global presence. This strategic goal resorted to the recruitment of Peter Keyon in 1997 â€Å"due to his marketing and branding experience† (Pyle 2010, p.602). His experience was vital in helping the company to build a business interest that had a global feel. Through the effort of Peter Keyon, â€Å"sales of replica kits and all manner of club-related gifts continued to expand quickly with its merchandising success becoming the bench mark for the industry† (Pyle 2010, p.602). Consequently, Manchester United ended up being a brand that is known by almost everybody across the globe. However, the contribution of Peter Keyon in enhancing the success of Manchester United attracted the attention of rivals (Chelsea) who offered him a competitive package besides subsequently getting him out of Manchester United. Nevertheless, this did not deter the continued success of the plc since his deputy Roman Abramovich took over. He has been incredibly inst rumental in the continued growth of the company. Plcs have numerous obligations to achieve on behalf of the owners. On one hand, for the case of Manchester United, â€Å"shareholders demanded profits although some shares were held by supporters where the vast majority were owned by financial institutions, which were looking for returns on their investments† (Pyle 2010, pp.602-3). On the other hand, apart from the owners of a plc, it is vital that a company seeks to achieve its success through operating and behaving in a socially corporate manner. To achieve these goals, and to help in building further on the brand image of football clubs, the clubs have always welcomed the interest of media people to get into deals with them. For instance, according to Pyle (2010), Manchester United signed a deal with America Online Corporation biding the two organisations between 2010/11 to 2014/15 worth 80 million pounds (p.603). Manchester United has done a great deal of investments in spo rting facilities and other social amenities. All these have gone into increasing the size of the club in terms of increasing the revenues generated through fees levied on sporting facilities. However, amid the increased revenues, Manchester United’s financial structures attract an immense alarm. It has been experiencing rising debts. Due to this reason, â€Å"Glazers converted 500 million pounds of debt into bonds, which do not mature until 2017† (Pyle 2010, p.604). Although it was an incredible financial relief to the club, these bonds will attract an interest of 45 million pounds, which will have to be paid in 2017. Now, it sounds plausible to question the sustainability of the Manchester United model for doing business. Would it enable the club to have continued growth in the future? Should the club develop new a mechanism of developing further its brand? If so, can social corporate responsibility aid in enhancing better and sustained growth of the club in the futur e? SWOT and PESTEL Analysis of Manchester United SWOT Analysis SWOT analysis seeks to reveal the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and the threats faced by an organisation in its normal business operations. The idea for doing this is based on the argument that when these elements are clear, it becomes possible for the management of the organisation in question to concentrate on the strengths and opportunities. This strategy enhances its performance while ensuring that its takes appropriate strategies to ensure that the weaknesses and threats are mitigated in the effort to attain optimality of the performance of the organisation. Essentially, SWOT analysis entangles strategic planning approach for evaluating the strengths, limitations, and opportunities coupled with threats that business establishment encounters (Hill Westbrook 2006, p.47). Strengths are the traits that enable an organisation to have an advantage in comparison to other organisations. One of the strengths of Manc hester United is that it is has managed to build a highly recognised brand across the globe. The club has incredible marketing strategies coupled with merchandising practices that are of high quality. Manchester United stands as one of the richest football clubs with a football stadium (Trafford) having the highest capacity (75,000). Large numbers of sponsors including AON, Nike, Airtel, Vodafone, AIG, and others also support the club. Although Manchester United has incredible strengths that have made it remain competitive in the UK’s football market, it has some weaknesses. Weaknesses or the limitations are the traits of an organisation that place it at a disadvantage in comparison with other organisations in the same industry (Hill Westbrook 2006, p.47). One of the subtle weaknesses of Manchester United is attributed to the fact that the club faces financial challenges. It also operates in a saturated market. Opportunities are the existing external chances, which while uti lised make an organisation improve its performance (Hill Westbrook 2006, p.49). One of the opportunities for Manchester United is the possibility of tapping fans from all across the globe including regions such as the USA, India, and China. Additionally, brand visibility and advertising can aid in building brand equity. Threats are the external chances that impair the performance of an organisation (Hill Westbrook 2006, p.49). One of the threats of Manchester United is the external competitive market forces in which other clubs purchase many of the good players. There are also instances in which the management encounters conflicts with the players. Additionally, expensive transfers of players make Manchester United experience financial debts. PESTLE Analysis A number of factors influence the decisions of managers of any organisation. From the PESTEL organisational analysis approach, these factors are political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal (Gerry, Keva n Whittington 2005, p.105). For the case of Manchester United, the political environment affects the operations of the club via taxing policies since the club must pay taxes to the government. The management must also comply with environmental regulations, tariffs, and employment laws established within the UK. From the perspective of economic factors, the operational economic environment of the Manchester United is characterised by fluctuations. These fluctuations create barriers to the margin of profits that the club can reinvest in growth and or channelling to CSR. Social factors act as an immense success factor of the club because spectators, players, and the staffs of Manchester United are promised compliance to safety standards hence enhancing the security of all stakeholders attending the Manchester United matches at the club’s facilities. This provision is critical in retaining and attracting new clients. In terms of technology, Manchester United deploys the internet to accomplish tasks such as booking for seats in the stadium. Manchester United is also incredibly concerned about its environmental impacts especially accruing from inappropriate disposal of materials that wrap the consumables used by fans during the matches. Various legal provisions that regulate the manner of conducting business also bind an organisation. Thus, Manchester United is bound by all legal provisions that control and monitor operations of plc applicable in the UK. Summary of Scholarly Articles Many organisations look for mechanisms of enhancing their performance. One of such methodologies is by becoming socially responsible. Challenged by the problems of how an organisation may increase its performance by being socially responsible, Snider, Hill, and Martin (2003) conduced a â€Å"qualitative study of the legal, ethical, and moral statements available on the websites of Forbes Magazine’s top 50 U.S. and top 50 multinational firms of non-U.S† (p.175). Ana lysis was conducted â€Å"within the context of stakeholder theory† (Snider, Hill, Martin 2003, p.175). The authors cite business scandal in America such as the Tyco, WorldCom, and Enron as among the major drawbacks of development and building investor’s confidence. They further postulate that these scandals may have an immense contributor to the economic down turn that was experienced in 2009 and 2011 in America. The impacts of this down turn on their full thresh hold were further spread into other regions of the world. Arguably, this led to what became the global financial crisis. In this end, Snider, Hill, and Martin (2003) argue, â€Å"in the aftermath of these egregious acts, the business community should be rethinking its responsibilities to the various publics concerned with its operations† (p.176). This means that organisations that were caught up in engagement on fraudulent activities never considered moral and ethical considerations of their behaviour . Corporate social responsibility is anchored on the pillars of taking into perspectives the impacts of any organisational decision on the stakeholders and all interest groups in the performance of an organisation. This case implies that any course of action adopted by any organisation should not compromise or rather place the stakeholders and the organisational interest groups at a disadvantage. Hence, it is critical that ethical behaviour be strongly embedded in all operations of public limited companies. Snider, Hill, and Martin (2003) concur with this line of argument by further reckoning, â€Å"the public is focused now more than ever on what firms are saying about their corporate social responsibility† (p.176). Soccer organisation encompasses some of the organisations where the stakeholders and other interest groups’ concerns on the performance of an organisation need to be proactively addressed and managed for continued operation of the organisation. The main qu estion is what the central significance of social corporate responsibility in success of organisations is. Social corporate responsibility defines the obligations that an organisation has on the communities and the larger society. Compliance to principles of corporate responsibility requires an organisation to commit its resources to fund activities that are of social benefit. Snider, Hill, and Martin (2003) admit that this attracted heavy criticisms with many researchers choosing to evaluate the question: â€Å"should companies take responsibility for social issues?† (p.176). In response to this query, Kok et al (2001), suggest, â€Å"the only social responsibility of business is to increase profits by legal means† (p. 286.). The implication of this argument is that any investment of financial resources of an organisation should be done only to the extent that it is not detrimental to the profitability of an organisation. However, Snider, Hill, and Martin (2003) oppos e this perception by asserting, â€Å"Business exists to serve the greater community as well as direct beneficiaries of the company’s operations† (p.176). Therefore, it is incorrect to presume that an organisation exists only to create profits for its owners. However, it is crucial to note that on adoption and incorporation of the perspectives and principles of CSR into the business model of an organisation, some effort must be made to look for mechanisms of increasing profits of the organisation because CSR projects require financial resources to execute. These resources are drawn from the profits made by an organisation within a given fiscal year. Through the development of social responsibility culture, an organisation is capable of winning the confidence of the community living within the areas from which it is established. This way, conflict of interest is minimised- something that is critical for the success of an organisation. This outcome is attributed to the o pinion that an organisation would spend lesser financial resources in the resolution of emerging conflicts due erosions of the interests of the larger society. To amplify this argument, an organisation is largely dependent on coexistence in harmony with the communalities living in the environment in which it is established. In case this harmony suffers in one way or another, a peaceful habitat for the organisation to conduct its business is sacrificed in the favour of the community-organisation conflicts. Therefore, it is the duty of an organisation to ensure that such conflicts do not exist. This goal is best achieved by ensuring that an organisation is socially corporate responsible (Snider, Hill, Martin 2003, p.177). The findings of the Snider, Hill, and Martin (2003) research indicated that the organisations, whose websites were analysed â€Å"concentrated their attention on similar set of stakeholders and approximately the same CSR issues† (p.180). However, there were v ariations in the specificity of the CSR messages carried by the websites. For instance, the authors found out that some spelt out some ethical values, which act as the framework of guiding the realisation of organisational missions on their roles in the society differently. However, in the stipulation of the ethical issues, the firms provide â€Å"a context within, which they define their relationships with internal and external publics† (Snider, Hill Martin 2003, p.180). Other concerns of social corporate responsibilities in the United States’ organisations cited by Snider, Hill, and Martin are environmental policies. Apparently, the environment forms one of the essential areas for consideration in the development of social corporate responsibility policies since most of the organisational activities often produce some negative impacts on the environment. It is the duty of the organisation concerned to ensure that the environment is protected from these negative impa cts. For this reason, Snider, Hill, and Martin (2003) find, â€Å"both the U.S. and other global firms often establish comprehensive environmental policies† (p.180). Additionally, the authors’ findings also reveal that the CSR messages that are used by various organisations studied were developed to match the needs of various stakeholders that are consistent with the concerns of the larger ecology. A good example of this is the case of Coca Cola Company, which states, â€Å"A large part of our relationship with the world around us is our relationship with the physical world† (Snider, Hill Martin 2003, p.180). This means that Coca Cola Company appreciates that it cannot be able to conducts its business and attain the organisational objects without taking into consideration the impacts produced on the environment by its business activities. This case forms one of the pillars of an organisation seeking to be socially corporate responsible. The above discussions of the roles of social corporate responsibility in the success of organisations are discussed from a general context. Consequently, it remains questionable on how the theoretical paradigms developed by Snider, Hill, and Martin (2003) are applicable to soccer clubs such as Manchester United. In this extent, the work of Walters and Tacon (2010) becomes relevant to the extent that it presents the results of a qualitative research on the relevance of CSR with particular focus on the sporting organisations (p.556). Since Manchester United is a good example of a well-established sporting organisation, the work of the authors is pivotal in helping to make recommendations and deductions on the roles that can be played by CSR in the enhancement of success of the soccer club. Walters and Tacon use the stakeholder theory to explain how â€Å"CSR can inform both theoretical debates and management practices within sport organisations† (2010, p.556). The article further argues that media has an immense attention on sporting organisations. Consequently, due to youth appeal, communication power, and mass media distributions, sporting organisations have no choice rather than implementing the initiatives of social corporate responsibility. This argument is based on the perception that â€Å"sport CSR has a greater effect than those CSR activities in commercial organisations† (Walters Tacon 2010, p.567). This argument makes sense upon the realisation of the evidence that sporting organisations are normally intensively inter-woven with the society, and dependent on the perceptions and affiliation of the society for their success. Consequently, due to the close relationships between the communities and the sporting organisations, CSR is inevitable from being adopted by the organisations including Manchester United football club. It is from this perceptive that Walters and Tacon (2010) recommend, â€Å"sport organisations, particularly the UK football clubs, need to c onsider addressing CSR in order to maintain or increase spectator numbers† (p.567). Indeed, a number of researches have noted CSR as influencing costumer’s consumption behaviour. Therefore, consistent with Walters and Taco’s (2010) argument on the roles of CSR in the sporting organisations, â€Å"given that the stadium utilisation figures at the majority of professional football clubs in the UK are well below 100 per cent, it could be argued that CSR is a strategic approach needed to attract spectators† (Walters Tacon 2010, p.567). Apparently, there exists evidence of sporting organisations that have leaped from the benefits of engaging in CSR elsewhere in the world. For instance, individual athletes in the United States have come up with various charitable organisations and foundations that fund various mitigation strategies of social problems (Paul 2002, p.25). A good example of this case is the Lance Armstrong Foundation, which has gone down the histor y as funding the cancer research (Walters Tacon 2010, p.567). The Walters and Taco’s work seeks to articulate the stakeholder theory with CSR as applied in the sporting organisations. The authors provide evidence that stakeholder theory has been critical in enhancing sport management (Walters Tacon 2010, p.569). Additionally, the authors are quick to pin point that the development in the deployment of the stakeholders’ theory in enhancing football club governance has its roots in studies that focus on â€Å"stakeholder identification and stakeholder perceptions in intercollegiate athletics† (Walters Tacon 2010, p.569). The excellence of the soccer clubs in terms of performances measures form financial success is dependent on the interest of the stakeholders in the game because stakeholders are also mainly the spectators and hence the sources of revenues. This claim perhaps explains why soccer academic literature pays central focus on the stakeholder ideas. In fact, with regard to Morrow (2003), â€Å"the stakeholder concept has greater relevance for football clubs in relation to conventional businesses because of the particular features of certain football club stakeholders† (p. 43). Walters and Tacon (2010) appreciate this argument but holds, â€Å"to date, much of the research in this area has either used stakeholder concepts implicitly, without making explicit reference to mainstream stakeholder theory, or has engaged openly with stakeholder concepts at a relatively underdeveloped theoretical level† (Walters Tacon 2010, p.569). Arguably, while running a football club, the management has the obligations to the local authorities, communities, and even local populations. These obligations need not to establish conflicts with the commercial objectives of any soccer team. For this purpose, it is critical that sporting organisations such as Manchester United become socially corporate responsible. Walters and Tacon’s r esearch was qualitative in nature. It drew 15 interviews form different stakeholders of the UK football industry. The selection of individuals to be interviewed was done from the perspectives that information garnered was precisely reflective of the purpose of the research. This purpose was to â€Å"develop an in-depth contextual understanding of the phenomena that is being studied and to interpret the meaning from social situations† (Walters Tacon 2010, p.572). The interviewees were drawn from various staff members of the selected organisations including the directors, CEOs, and chairs. The researchers had the immense belief that the information generated from these persons would be pivotal in the determination of their take on objectives coupled with the roles played by their organisations, the kind of relationships that exist between the stakeholder and the organisation, and the details of various CSR initiates that are adopted by the organisation under study. The results of the study indicated that the â€Å"interviewees recognised the relevance to sport management of stakeholders’ ideas and issues of corporate social responsibility† (Walters Tacon 2010, p.574). Nevertheless, this does not mean that different individuals did not have different perspectives of the roles of CSR in their organisations. For instance, the authors found out that some officials of various soccer clubs had an optimistic commitment to the social corporate responsibility coupled with the stakeholders’ management initiatives adopted by the organisations. On the other hand, some interviewees â€Å"expressed scepticism about the strength of this commitment† (Walters Tacon 2010, p.574). Therefore, it is arguable that the roles of CSR in enhancing the success of soccer clubs remains fragmented depending on the perspective from which the management official of the organisations view the quests of being socially corporate responsible organisations. It is from the basis of this argument that this paper focuses on discussing the principles of social corporate responsibility from the context of Manchester United. Revisiting the Case Study Considering the case study of Manchester United, focusing on social responsibility initiatives are critical in fostering the continued success of the organisation coupled with dominance of Manchester brand among many soccer fans. From the description of the case study section, it is evident that. while operating as plc, Manchester United would have to focus its efforts in building good relationships with the stakeholders in the effort to ensure increased financial performance. Increased financial performance means that more funds would be available at the disposal of the organisation to remunerate better the players. This would help in minimising the threat of the good players being taken by competing soccer clubs such as Chelsea, Real Madrid, Liverpool, and others. The ultimate repercussion for th is is presentation of better games to the spectators and other stakeholders of the Manchester football club. Therefore, increased clientele is likely to be drawn into the playing grounds owned by Manchester United. Hence, more revenue would continue to be generated. Arguably, this case is critical in helping the club to offset various financial challenges that the organisation encounters. Apparently, financial capability of an organisation is vital for the development of strong social corporate responsibility initiatives (Porter Kramer 2006, p.82). With the already developed brand dominance in the football industry, Manchester United can proactively manage to create more success through taking part in more in social related activities such as creation of more charitable foundations ran from the part of profit basket of the organisation. This would make the stakeholders to see the organisation as not only serving the purpose of creating profits at the expense of the communities in w hich the organisation is established. Indeed, according to Walters and Tacon (2010), â€Å"†¦recent emergence of charitable foundations to deliver social inclusion and educational based initiatives has demonstrated that football clubs can play a positive role within their communities† (p.568). In fact, one of the competitive forces of the Manchester United (Chelsea) has embraced the concepts of CSR. With regard to Walters and Tacon (2010), this claim is evidenced and mirrored by â€Å"the trend for CSR reporting, which has made Chelsea to produce its own CSR report separate from the annual accounts† (p.568). Arguably, Manchester United cannot drift from dedicating financial resources towards financing social corporate issues because even the governing bodies of football clubs are also recognising the relevance and benefits of being sociality corporate responsible. For this reason, the UEFA â€Å"has developed a social responsibility partnership portfolio. It is w orking with a number of charity partners between 2007 and 2011 to address specific issues including racism, reconciliation, and peace, football for all, violence, health, and humanitarian aid† (Walters Tacon 2010, p.568). This effort is boosted by commitment of 0.7 percent of the UEFA profits to fund various social projects. The above effort by the UEFA makes it clear that football clubs would be forced by their own desires to influence positively their spectators who often come from the communities in which the organisations are established to adopt CSR initiatives. Even though this would mean digging into the profits of the Manchester United, it is a well thought cause of action since the arising deficits may be sealed by the resulting increment in the brand loyalty from the community members and other stakeholders of the Manchester United. The process of endeavouring to invest in social corporate social responsibility projects will often demand Manchester United to deploy the concepts of stakeholder theory developed by Walters and Tacon. The move will be the effort to help the organisation to â€Å"illuminate key issues in sport management and or how CSR can be implemented by sport organisations through stakeholder management strategies† (Walters Tacon 2010, p.568). The whole idea of sporting organisation attempting to become socially corporate responsible is pegged on the argument that, by being socially corporate responsible, the friction and conflicts of interests between various organisational stakeholders such as the customers, suppliers, the owners of the organisation among others would be greased. This step leads to a better reception of organisation coupled with the decisions reached by the managers of the leaders of the organisations. Surely, this effort is an advantage that Manchester United cannot afford to lose bearing in mind the observations, â€Å"Glazers converted 500 million pounds of debt into bonds, which do not mature unt il 2017† (Pyle 2010, p.604) to help in easing the debts of the football club. Conclusions and Recommendations Organisations operating in the industry of sporting are highly susceptible to impacts of competitions because winning in tournaments forms the basis of determining the anticipated growth of the organisations, brand loyalty, and even the financial performance of the organisation in question. In the paper, it was discussed that Manchester United stands as one of the sporting organisations that have managed to build and develop magnificently its brand. It has realised several wins in valid tournaments including the European cup and others. The management of the organisation has also resulted and contributed to this exemplary performance of the organisation both in terms of game wins and financial performance. However, based on the case study described by Pyle (2010), the paper established that Manchester United also faces various challenges financial wise. This case often calls for the interventions of tycoons funding the club to support it through conversion of several million pounds into bonds payable at such as a period in which the organisation will have made adequate profits to pay off the bonds while remaining operational. Based on these challenges, the paper recommends and adds an additional paradigm for fostering the performance of Manchester United. This paradigm is by focusing on strategic decisions of becoming more socially corporate responsible. This recommendation is made in full appreciation of the reality that CSR approaches attract valid perceptions among various scholars and organisational stakeholders. Some people see it as an additional way of reducing the profitability of an organisation while others may see it is a noble way of helping to create good reputation of an organisation. Amid the two dimensional approaches to CSR, in sporting organisations such Manchester United, it is recommended for adoption since it is an incredible tool for helping to resolve conflicts of interests among various organisational stakeholders. References Gerry, J, Kevan, S, Whittington, R 2005, Exploring corporate strategy: text and cases, Prentice Hall, London. Hill, T Westbrook, R 2006, ‘SWOT Analysis: It’s Time for a Product Recall,’ Long Range Planning, vol. 30 no. 1, pp. 46–52. Kok, P, Weile, D, McKenna, R, Brown, A 2001, ‘A Corporate Social Responsibility Audit within a Quality Management Framework’, Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 31 no. 4, pp. 285–297. Morrow, S 2003, The people’s game? Football, finance and society, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, UK. Paul, P 2002, ‘Corporate Responsibility’, American Demographics, vol. 24 no. 5, pp. 24-35. Porter, E Kramer, R 2006, ‘Strategy and society: The link between competitive advantage and corporate social responsibility’, Harvard Business Review, vol. 84 no.12, pp. 78–92. Pyle, S 2010, Manchester United FC: Continuing Success But At What Cost?, Harvard UP, Harvard. Snider, J, Hill, R, Martin, D 2003, ‘Corporate Social Responsibility in the 21st Century: A View from the World’s Most Successful Firms’, Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 48 no. 1, pp.175-187. Walters, G Tacon, R 2010, ‘Corporate social responsibility in sport: Stakeholder management in the UK football industry’, Journal of Management Organisation, vol.16 no. 4, pp. 566–586. This case study on Manchester United FC: Continuing Success but at What Cost? was written and submitted by user Taraji Michael to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.